fuck

remvove lock_display
get fps better
2025-12-28 08:15:59 +00:00 · 2025-10-28 17:08:50 -06:00 · 2025-10-28 12:36:15 -06:00 · 2025-10-28 12:20:02 -06:00 · 2025-10-28 09:50:15 -06:00 · 2025-10-27 19:46:09 -06:00
26 changed files with 631 additions and 302 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 /target
 *.uf2
 abi_sys.h
+assets/gif/bad_apple.gif
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "abi_sys",
 "embedded-graphics",
 "embedded-sdmmc",
+ "once_cell",
 "rand_core 0.9.3",
- "spin",
- "talc",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5deb64efa5bd81e31fcd1938615a6d98c82eafcbcd787162b6f63b91d6bac5b3"
 dependencies = [
- "rustc_version",
+ "rustc_version 0.2.3",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-io",
 "embedded-io-async",
 "futures-intrusive",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "uuid",
 ]

@@ -410,7 +409,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-hal 1.0.0",
 "embedded-io-async",
 "futures",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "num_enum 0.5.11",
 ]

@@ -789,7 +788,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-io-async",
 "futures-sink",
 "futures-util",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -804,7 +803,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-io-async",
 "futures-core",
 "futures-sink",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -857,7 +856,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "80e2ee86063bd028a420a5fb5898c18c87a8898026da1d4c852af2c443d0a454"
 dependencies = [
 "embassy-executor-timer-queue",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -871,7 +870,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embassy-sync 0.7.2",
 "embassy-usb-driver 0.2.0",
 "embedded-io-async",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "ssmarshal",
 "usbd-hid",
 ]
@@ -1033,12 +1032,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "defmt 0.3.100",
 "embedded-hal 1.0.0",
 "embedded-io",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "embedded-snake"
 version = "0.0.3"
+source = "git+https://github.com/LegitCamper/embedded-snake-rs#3986819c55819283dc5c1e89717d2a2f52e9b161"
 dependencies = [
 "embedded-graphics",
 "rand_core 0.9.3",
@@ -1283,6 +1283,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "wasip2",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "gif"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "abi",
+ "embedded-graphics",
+ "tinygif",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "goblin"
 version = "0.10.2"
@@ -1303,6 +1312,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "crunchy",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "hash32"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b0c35f58762feb77d74ebe43bdbc3210f09be9fe6742234d573bacc26ed92b67"
+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hash32"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -1333,13 +1351,26 @@ version = "0.15.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5971ac85611da7067dbfcabef3c70ebb5606018acd9e2a3903a0da507521e0d5"

+[[package]]
+name = "heapless"
+version = "0.7.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdc6457c0eb62c71aac4bc17216026d8410337c4126773b9c5daba343f17964f"
+dependencies = [
+ "atomic-polyfill",
+ "hash32 0.2.1",
+ "rustc_version 0.4.1",
+ "spin 0.9.8",
+ "stable_deref_trait",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "heapless"
 version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0bfb9eb618601c89945a70e254898da93b13be0388091d42117462b265bb3fad"
 dependencies = [
- "hash32",
+ "hash32 0.3.1",
 "serde",
 "stable_deref_trait",
 ]
@@ -1493,14 +1524,14 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-sdmmc",
 "embedded-text",
 "goblin",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "kolibri-embedded-gui",
 "num_enum 0.7.4",
 "once_cell",
 "panic-probe",
 "portable-atomic",
 "rand",
- "spin",
+ "spin 0.10.0",
 "st7365p-lcd",
 "static_cell",
 "strum",
@@ -1517,7 +1548,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-graphics",
 "embedded-iconoir",
 "foldhash",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2133,7 +2164,16 @@ version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "138e3e0acb6c9fb258b19b67cb8abd63c00679d2851805ea151465464fe9030a"
 dependencies = [
- "semver",
+ "semver 0.9.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver 1.0.27",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2191,6 +2231,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "semver-parser",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "1.0.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d767eb0aabc880b29956c35734170f26ed551a859dbd361d140cdbeca61ab1e2"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "semver-parser"
 version = "0.7.0"
@@ -2296,6 +2342,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "rand",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.9.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "spin"
 version = "0.10.0"
@@ -2324,7 +2379,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-graphics-core",
 "embedded-hal 1.0.0",
 "embedded-hal-async",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "nb 1.1.0",
 ]

@@ -2551,6 +2606,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "embedded-graphics",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "tinygif"
+version = "0.0.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "09f1406b710986188de8d393c810213d4bbf940e327d90d52cff9930d007a248"
+dependencies = [
+ "embedded-graphics",
+ "heapless 0.7.17",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "toml"
 version = "0.5.11"
@@ -2572,7 +2637,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "embassy-time 0.4.0",
 "embedded-io",
 "futures",
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "rand_core 0.6.4",
 "static_cell",
 "trouble-host-macros",
@@ -2623,7 +2688,7 @@ version = "0.3.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "98816b1accafbb09085168b90f27e93d790b4bfa19d883466b5e53315b5f06a6"
 dependencies = [
- "heapless",
+ "heapless 0.8.0",
 "portable-atomic",
 ]

--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ members = [
  "user-apps/calculator",
  "user-apps/snake",
  "user-apps/gallery",
+  "user-apps/gif",
 ]

 [profile.release]
@@ -17,9 +18,11 @@ codegen-units = 1

 [profile.release-binary]
 inherits = "release"
+codegen-units = 1
 lto = true
 debug = false
-opt-level = "s"
+opt-level = "z"
+panic = "abort"

 [profile.dev]
 lto = true
--- a/abi/Cargo.toml
+++ b/abi/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,5 @@ edition = "2024"
 embedded-sdmmc = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false }
 embedded-graphics = "0.8.1"
 abi_sys = { path = "../abi_sys" }
-talc = "4.4.3"
-spin = "0.10.0"
+once_cell = { version = "1", default-features = false }
 rand_core = "0.9.3"
--- a/abi/src/lib.rs
+++ b/abi/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,33 +1,52 @@
 #![no_std]
-
-pub use abi_sys::keyboard;
-use abi_sys::{RngRequest, keyboard::KeyEvent};
-use rand_core::RngCore;
-use talc::*;
+#![allow(static_mut_refs)]

 extern crate alloc;

-static mut ARENA: [u8; 10000] = [0; 10000];
+pub use abi_sys::{self, keyboard};
+use abi_sys::{RngRequest, alloc, dealloc, keyboard::KeyEvent};
+pub use alloc::format;
+use core::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
+use rand_core::RngCore;

 #[global_allocator]
-static ALLOCATOR: Talck<spin::Mutex<()>, ClaimOnOom> =
-    Talc::new(unsafe { ClaimOnOom::new(Span::from_array(core::ptr::addr_of!(ARENA).cast_mut())) })
-        .lock();
+static ALLOC: Alloc = Alloc;

-pub fn print(msg: &str) {
-    abi_sys::print(msg.as_ptr(), msg.len());
+struct Alloc;
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for Alloc {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        alloc(layout.into())
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        dealloc(ptr, layout.into());
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => {{
+        let s = $crate::format!($($arg)*);
+        $crate::abi_sys::print(s.as_ptr(), s.len());
+    }};
 }

 pub fn sleep(ms: u64) {
    abi_sys::sleep(ms);
 }

+pub fn get_ms() -> u64 {
+    abi_sys::get_ms()
+}
+
 pub fn get_key() -> KeyEvent {
    abi_sys::keyboard::get_key().into()
 }

 pub mod display {
    use abi_sys::CPixel;
+    // use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
    use embedded_graphics::{
        Pixel,
        geometry::{Dimensions, Point},
@@ -35,17 +54,17 @@ pub mod display {
        prelude::{DrawTarget, Size},
        primitives::Rectangle,
    };
+    // use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;

    pub const SCREEN_WIDTH: usize = 320;
    pub const SCREEN_HEIGHT: usize = 320;

    pub type Pixel565 = Pixel<Rgb565>;

-    pub fn lock_display(lock: bool) {
-        abi_sys::lock_display(lock);
-    }
-
-    const BUF_SIZE: usize = 1024; // tune this for performance
+    const BUF_SIZE: usize = 15 * 1024; // tune this for performance
+    static mut BUF: [CPixel; BUF_SIZE] = [CPixel::new(); BUF_SIZE];
+    // const BUF_SIZE: usize = 250 * 1024; // tune this for performance
+    // static mut BUF: Lazy<Vec<CPixel>> = Lazy::new(|| vec![const { CPixel::new() }; BUF_SIZE]);

    pub struct Display;

@@ -69,21 +88,19 @@ pub mod display {
        where
            I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>,
        {
-            let mut buf: [CPixel; BUF_SIZE] = [CPixel::new(); BUF_SIZE];
-
            let mut count = 0;
            for p in pixels {
-                buf[count] = p.into();
+                unsafe { BUF[count] = p.into() };
                count += 1;

-                if count == BUF_SIZE {
-                    abi_sys::draw_iter(buf.as_ptr(), count);
+                if count == BUF_SIZE - 1 {
+                    abi_sys::draw_iter(unsafe { BUF.as_ptr() }, count);
                    count = 0;
                }
            }

            if count > 0 {
-                abi_sys::draw_iter(buf.as_ptr(), count);
+                abi_sys::draw_iter(unsafe { BUF.as_ptr() }, count);
            }

            Ok(())
--- a/abi_sys/Cargo.toml
+++ b/abi_sys/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"

 [features]
-default = []
+default = ["alloc"]
+alloc = []
 defmt = ["dep:defmt"]

 [dependencies]
--- a/abi_sys/src/lib.rs
+++ b/abi_sys/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,42 +1,88 @@
 #![no_std]

+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use core::alloc::Layout;
+
 use embedded_graphics::{
    Pixel,
    pixelcolor::{Rgb565, raw::RawU16},
    prelude::{IntoStorage, Point},
 };
 use embedded_sdmmc::DirEntry;
-use strum::EnumIter;
-
-pub const ABI_CALL_TABLE_COUNT: usize = 10;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, EnumIter)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum CallAbiTable {
-    PrintString = 0,
-    SleepMs = 1,
-    GetMs = 2,
-    LockDisplay = 3,
-    DrawIter = 4,
-    GetKey = 5,
-    GenRand = 6,
-    ListDir = 7,
-    ReadFile = 8,
-    FileLen = 9,
-}
+use strum::{EnumCount, EnumIter};

 pub type EntryFn = fn();

+pub const ABI_CALL_TABLE_COUNT: usize = 11;
+const _: () = assert!(ABI_CALL_TABLE_COUNT == CallTable::COUNT);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, EnumIter, EnumCount)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum CallTable {
+    Alloc = 0,
+    Dealloc = 1,
+    PrintString = 2,
+    SleepMs = 3,
+    GetMs = 4,
+    DrawIter = 5,
+    GetKey = 6,
+    GenRand = 7,
+    ListDir = 8,
+    ReadFile = 9,
+    FileLen = 10,
+}
+
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 #[unsafe(link_section = ".syscall_table")]
 pub static mut CALL_ABI_TABLE: [usize; ABI_CALL_TABLE_COUNT] = [0; ABI_CALL_TABLE_COUNT];

+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CLayout {
+    size: usize,
+    alignment: usize,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl Into<Layout> for CLayout {
+    fn into(self) -> Layout {
+        Layout::from_size_align(self.size, self.alignment).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl From<Layout> for CLayout {
+    fn from(value: Layout) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            size: value.size(),
+            alignment: value.align(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type AllocAbi = extern "C" fn(layout: CLayout) -> *mut u8;
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn alloc(layout: CLayout) -> *mut u8 {
+    let f: AllocAbi = unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::Alloc as usize]) };
+    f(layout)
+}
+
+pub type DeallocAbi = extern "C" fn(ptr: *mut u8, layout: CLayout);
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "C" fn dealloc(ptr: *mut u8, layout: CLayout) {
+    let f: DeallocAbi =
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::Dealloc as usize]) };
+    f(ptr, layout)
+}
+
 pub type PrintAbi = extern "C" fn(ptr: *const u8, len: usize);

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn print(ptr: *const u8, len: usize) {
    let f: PrintAbi =
-        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::PrintString as usize]) };
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::PrintString as usize]) };
    f(ptr, len);
 }

@@ -45,7 +91,7 @@ pub type SleepMsAbi = extern "C" fn(ms: u64);
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn sleep(ms: u64) {
    let f: SleepMsAbi =
-        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::SleepMs as usize]) };
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::SleepMs as usize]) };
    f(ms);
 }

@@ -53,19 +99,10 @@ pub type GetMsAbi = extern "C" fn() -> u64;

 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn get_ms() -> u64 {
-    let f: GetMsAbi = unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::GetMs as usize]) };
+    let f: GetMsAbi = unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::GetMs as usize]) };
    f()
 }

-pub type LockDisplay = extern "C" fn(lock: bool);
-
-#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
-pub extern "C" fn lock_display(lock: bool) {
-    let f: LockDisplay =
-        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::LockDisplay as usize]) };
-    f(lock);
-}
-
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct CPixel {
@@ -75,7 +112,7 @@ pub struct CPixel {
 }

 impl CPixel {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            x: 0,
            y: 0,
@@ -105,12 +142,12 @@ pub type DrawIterAbi = extern "C" fn(ptr: *const CPixel, len: usize);
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn draw_iter(ptr: *const CPixel, len: usize) {
    let f: DrawIterAbi =
-        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::DrawIter as usize]) };
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::DrawIter as usize]) };
    f(ptr, len);
 }

 pub mod keyboard {
-    use crate::{CALL_ABI_TABLE, CallAbiTable};
+    use crate::{CALL_ABI_TABLE, CallTable};

    bitflags::bitflags! {
        #[derive(Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -333,7 +370,7 @@ pub mod keyboard {
    #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
    pub extern "C" fn get_key() -> KeyEventC {
        let f: GetKeyAbi =
-            unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::GetKey as usize]) };
+            unsafe { core::mem::transmute(CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::GetKey as usize]) };
        f()
    }
 }
@@ -350,7 +387,7 @@ pub type GenRand = extern "C" fn(req: &mut RngRequest);
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn gen_rand(req: &mut RngRequest) {
    unsafe {
-        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::GenRand as usize];
+        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::GenRand as usize];
        let f: GenRand = core::mem::transmute(ptr);
        f(req)
    }
@@ -371,7 +408,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn list_dir(
    file_len: usize,
 ) -> usize {
    unsafe {
-        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::ListDir as usize];
+        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::ListDir as usize];
        let f: ListDir = core::mem::transmute(ptr);
        f(str, len, files, file_len)
    }
@@ -394,7 +431,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn read_file(
    buf_len: usize,
 ) -> usize {
    unsafe {
-        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::ReadFile as usize];
+        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::ReadFile as usize];
        let f: ReadFile = core::mem::transmute(ptr);
        f(str, len, read_from, buf, buf_len)
    }
@@ -405,7 +442,7 @@ pub type FileLen = extern "C" fn(str: *const u8, len: usize) -> usize;
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn file_len(str: *const u8, len: usize) -> usize {
    unsafe {
-        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallAbiTable::FileLen as usize];
+        let ptr = CALL_ABI_TABLE[CallTable::FileLen as usize];
        let f: FileLen = core::mem::transmute(ptr);
        f(str, len)
    }
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ userapps: cbindgen
    just userapp calculator
    just userapp snake
    just userapp gallery
+    just userapp gif
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ doctest = false
 bench = false

 [features]
-default = ["rp235x", "defmt"]
+default = ["rp235x", "defmt", "pimoroni2w"]
 pimoroni2w = ["rp235x"]
 rp2040 = ["embassy-rp/rp2040"]
 rp235x = ["embassy-rp/rp235xb"]
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ spin = "0.10.0"
 num_enum = { version = "0.7.4", default-features = false }
 goblin = { version = "0.10.1", default-features = false, features = ["elf32"] }
 talc = "4.4.3"
-embedded-alloc = "0.6.0"
+embedded-alloc = { version = "0.6.0", features = ["allocator_api"] }
 bumpalo = "3.19.0"

 abi_sys = { path = "../abi_sys" }
--- a/kernel/pimoroni2w.x
+++ b/kernel/pimoroni2w.x
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ MEMORY {
    FLASH : ORIGIN = 0x10000000, LENGTH = 16M - 4K

    RAM : ORIGIN = 0x20000000, LENGTH = 512K
-    SRAM4 : ORIGIN = 0x20080000, LENGTH = 4K
+    # SRAM4 : ORIGIN = 0x20080000, LENGTH = 4K
    SRAM5 : ORIGIN = 0x20081000, LENGTH = 4K
 }

--- a/kernel/src/abi.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/abi.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use abi_sys::{
-    CPixel, DrawIterAbi, FileLen, GenRand, GetMsAbi, ListDir, LockDisplay, PrintAbi, ReadFile,
-    RngRequest, SleepMsAbi, keyboard::*,
+    AllocAbi, CLayout, CPixel, DeallocAbi, DrawIterAbi, FileLen, GenRand, GetMsAbi, ListDir,
+    PrintAbi, ReadFile, RngRequest, SleepMsAbi, keyboard::*,
 };
 use alloc::{string::ToString, vec::Vec};
-use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use core::{alloc::GlobalAlloc, ops::DerefMut, sync::atomic::Ordering};
 use embassy_rp::clocks::{RoscRng, clk_sys_freq};
 use embassy_time::Instant;
 use embedded_graphics::draw_target::DrawTarget;
@@ -11,10 +11,34 @@ use embedded_sdmmc::{DirEntry, LfnBuffer};
 use heapless::spsc::Queue;

 use crate::{
-    display::{FB_PAUSED, FRAMEBUFFER},
+    display::{FRAMEBUFFER, FRAMEBUFFER2, WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2},
    storage::{Dir, File, SDCARD},
 };

+const _: AllocAbi = alloc;
+pub extern "C" fn alloc(layout: CLayout) -> *mut u8 {
+    // SAFETY: caller guarantees layout is valid
+    unsafe {
+        if cfg!(feature = "pimoroni2w") {
+            crate::heap::HEAP.alloc(layout.into())
+        } else {
+            alloc::alloc::alloc(layout.into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const _: DeallocAbi = dealloc;
+pub extern "C" fn dealloc(ptr: *mut u8, layout: CLayout) {
+    // SAFETY: caller guarantees ptr and layout are valid
+    unsafe {
+        if cfg!(feature = "pimoroni2w") {
+            crate::heap::HEAP.dealloc(ptr, layout.into())
+        } else {
+            alloc::alloc::dealloc(ptr, layout.into())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 const _: PrintAbi = print;
 pub extern "C" fn print(ptr: *const u8, len: usize) {
    // SAFETY: caller guarantees `ptr` is valid for `len` bytes
@@ -48,19 +72,26 @@ pub extern "C" fn get_ms() -> u64 {
        .as_millis()
 }

-const _: LockDisplay = lock_display;
-pub extern "C" fn lock_display(lock: bool) {
-    FB_PAUSED.store(lock, Ordering::Relaxed);
-}
-
 const _: DrawIterAbi = draw_iter;
-// TODO: maybe return result
 pub extern "C" fn draw_iter(cpixels: *const CPixel, len: usize) {
    // SAFETY: caller guarantees `ptr` is valid for `len` bytes
    let cpixels = unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(cpixels, len) };

    let iter = cpixels.iter().copied().map(|c: CPixel| c.into());
-    unsafe { FRAMEBUFFER.draw_iter(iter).unwrap() }
+
+    let fb = if cfg!(feature = "pimoroni2w") {
+        if WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+            unsafe { FRAMEBUFFER2.deref_mut() }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+        }
+    } else {
+        unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+    };
+
+    fb.draw_iter(iter).unwrap();
+
+    WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2.fetch_not(Ordering::AcqRel);
 }

 pub static mut KEY_CACHE: Queue<KeyEvent, 32> = Queue::new();
--- a/kernel/src/display.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/display.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-
-use crate::framebuffer::AtomicFrameBuffer;
+use crate::framebuffer::{self, AtomicFrameBuffer};
+use alloc::vec;
+use core::alloc::GlobalAlloc;
+use core::alloc::Layout;
+#[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 use embassy_rp::{
    Peri,
    gpio::{Level, Output},
@@ -9,6 +13,7 @@ use embassy_rp::{
 };
 use embassy_time::{Delay, Timer};
 use embedded_hal_bus::spi::ExclusiveDevice;
+use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
 use st7365p_lcd::ST7365P;

 type DISPLAY = ST7365P<
@@ -21,8 +26,33 @@ type DISPLAY = ST7365P<
 pub const SCREEN_WIDTH: usize = 320;
 pub const SCREEN_HEIGHT: usize = 320;

-pub static mut FRAMEBUFFER: AtomicFrameBuffer = AtomicFrameBuffer::new();
-pub static FB_PAUSED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+// used to switch which fb is being used for read/write
+#[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
+pub static WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+// the default screen buffer - the only one on boards without extra ram or psram
+pub static mut FRAMEBUFFER: Lazy<AtomicFrameBuffer> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    static mut BUF: [u16; framebuffer::SIZE] = [0; framebuffer::SIZE];
+    AtomicFrameBuffer::new(unsafe { &mut BUF })
+});
+
+#[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
+pub static mut FRAMEBUFFER2: Lazy<AtomicFrameBuffer> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    use embedded_graphics::{
+        pixelcolor::Rgb565,
+        prelude::{DrawTarget, RgbColor},
+    };
+
+    let buf = unsafe {
+        let slab =
+            crate::heap::HEAP.alloc(Layout::array::<u16>(framebuffer::SIZE).unwrap()) as *mut u16;
+        core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(slab, framebuffer::SIZE)
+    };
+    let mut fb = AtomicFrameBuffer::new(buf);
+    fb.set_all_tiles(false);
+    fb.clear(Rgb565::BLACK).unwrap();
+    fb
+});

 pub async fn init_display(
    spi: Spi<'static, SPI1, Async>,
@@ -50,15 +80,18 @@ pub async fn init_display(
 #[embassy_executor::task]
 pub async fn display_handler(mut display: DISPLAY) {
    loop {
-        if !FB_PAUSED.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
-            unsafe {
-                FRAMEBUFFER
-                    .partial_draw_batched(&mut display)
-                    .await
-                    .unwrap()
-            }
+        let fb = if cfg!(feature = "pimoroni2w") {
+            if WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+            } else {
+                unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER2 }
            }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+        };
+        fb.safe_draw(&mut display).await.unwrap();

-        Timer::after_millis(10).await;
+        // small yield to allow other tasks to run
+        Timer::after_nanos(100).await;
    }
 }
--- a/kernel/src/elf.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/elf.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::{
    abi,
    storage::{File, SDCARD},
 };
-use abi_sys::CallAbiTable;
+use abi_sys::CallTable;
 use abi_sys::EntryFn;
 use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
 use bumpalo::Bump;
@@ -194,18 +194,19 @@ fn patch_abi(
                        unsafe { base.add((sym.st_value as usize) - min_vaddr as usize) }
                            as *mut usize;

-                    for (idx, call) in CallAbiTable::iter().enumerate() {
+                    for (idx, call) in CallTable::iter().enumerate() {
                        let ptr = match call {
-                            CallAbiTable::PrintString => abi::print as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::SleepMs => abi::sleep as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::GetMs => abi::get_ms as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::LockDisplay => abi::lock_display as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::DrawIter => abi::draw_iter as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::GetKey => abi::get_key as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::GenRand => abi::gen_rand as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::ListDir => abi::list_dir as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::ReadFile => abi::read_file as usize,
-                            CallAbiTable::FileLen => abi::file_len as usize,
+                            CallTable::Alloc => abi::alloc as usize,
+                            CallTable::Dealloc => abi::dealloc as usize,
+                            CallTable::PrintString => abi::print as usize,
+                            CallTable::SleepMs => abi::sleep as usize,
+                            CallTable::GetMs => abi::get_ms as usize,
+                            CallTable::DrawIter => abi::draw_iter as usize,
+                            CallTable::GetKey => abi::get_key as usize,
+                            CallTable::GenRand => abi::gen_rand as usize,
+                            CallTable::ListDir => abi::list_dir as usize,
+                            CallTable::ReadFile => abi::read_file as usize,
+                            CallTable::FileLen => abi::file_len as usize,
                        };
                        unsafe {
                            table_base.add(idx as usize).write(ptr);
--- a/kernel/src/framebuffer.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/framebuffer.rs
@@ -12,34 +12,40 @@ use embedded_graphics::{
 };
 use embedded_hal_2::digital::OutputPin;
 use embedded_hal_async::{delay::DelayNs, spi::SpiDevice};
-use heapless::Vec;
 use st7365p_lcd::ST7365P;

 pub const TILE_SIZE: usize = 16; // 16x16 tile
 pub const TILE_COUNT: usize = (SCREEN_WIDTH / TILE_SIZE) * (SCREEN_HEIGHT / TILE_SIZE); // 400 tiles

 // Group of tiles for batching
-pub const MAX_META_TILES: usize = SCREEN_WIDTH / TILE_SIZE; // max number of meta tiles in buffer
+pub const MAX_META_TILES: usize = (SCREEN_WIDTH / TILE_SIZE) * 2; // max number of meta tiles in buffer
 type MetaTileVec = heapless::Vec<Rectangle, { TILE_COUNT / MAX_META_TILES }>;

-const SIZE: usize = SCREEN_HEIGHT * SCREEN_WIDTH;
-
-static mut BUFFER: [u16; SIZE] = [0; SIZE];
-
-static mut DIRTY_TILES: LazyLock<heapless::Vec<AtomicBool, TILE_COUNT>> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let mut tiles = Vec::new();
-    for _ in 0..TILE_COUNT {
-        tiles.push(AtomicBool::new(true)).unwrap();
-    }
-    tiles
-});
+pub const SIZE: usize = SCREEN_HEIGHT * SCREEN_WIDTH;

 #[allow(dead_code)]
-pub struct AtomicFrameBuffer;
+pub struct AtomicFrameBuffer<'a> {
+    fb: &'a mut [u16],
+    dirty_tiles: heapless::Vec<AtomicBool, TILE_COUNT>,
+}

-impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
-    pub const fn new() -> Self {
-        Self
+impl<'a> AtomicFrameBuffer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(buffer: &'a mut [u16]) -> Self {
+        assert!(buffer.len() == SIZE);
+        let mut dirty_tiles = heapless::Vec::new();
+        for _ in 0..TILE_COUNT {
+            dirty_tiles.push(AtomicBool::new(true)).unwrap()
+        }
+        Self {
+            fb: buffer,
+            dirty_tiles,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_all_tiles(&mut self, set: bool) {
+        for t in self.dirty_tiles.iter_mut() {
+            t.store(set, Ordering::Release);
+        }
    }

    fn mark_tiles_dirty(&mut self, rect: Rectangle) {
@@ -52,18 +58,12 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
        for ty in start_ty..=end_ty {
            for tx in start_tx..=end_tx {
                let tile_idx = ty * tiles_x + tx;
-                unsafe { DIRTY_TILES.get_mut()[tile_idx].store(true, Ordering::Relaxed) };
+                self.dirty_tiles[tile_idx].store(true, Ordering::Release);
            }
        }
    }

-    fn set_pixel(&mut self, x: u16, y: u16, color: u16) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        unsafe { BUFFER[(y as usize * SCREEN_WIDTH) + x as usize] = color };
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn set_pixels_buffered<P: IntoIterator<Item = u16>>(
+    fn set_pixels<P: IntoIterator<Item = u16>>(
        &mut self,
        sx: u16,
        sy: u16,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
        for y in sy..=ey {
            for x in sx..=ex {
                if let Some(color) = color_iter.next() {
-                    unsafe { BUFFER[(y as usize * SCREEN_WIDTH) + x as usize] = color };
+                    self.fb[(y as usize * SCREEN_WIDTH) + x as usize] = color;
                } else {
                    return Err(()); // Not enough data
                }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
            let mut tx = 0;
            while tx < tiles_x {
                let idx = ty * tiles_x + tx;
-                if !unsafe { DIRTY_TILES.get()[idx].load(Ordering::Acquire) } {
+                if !self.dirty_tiles[idx].load(Ordering::Acquire) {
                    tx += 1;
                    continue;
                }
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
                // Grow horizontally, but keep under MAX_TILES_PER_METATILE
                while tx + width_tiles < tiles_x
                    && unsafe {
-                        DIRTY_TILES.get()[ty * tiles_x + tx + width_tiles].load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+                        self.dirty_tiles[ty * tiles_x + tx + width_tiles].load(Ordering::Acquire)
                    }
                    && (width_tiles + height_tiles) <= MAX_META_TILES
                {
@@ -130,8 +130,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {

                for x_off in 0..width_tiles {
                    unsafe {
-                        DIRTY_TILES.get()[ty * tiles_x + tx + x_off]
-                            .store(false, Ordering::Release);
+                        self.dirty_tiles[ty * tiles_x + tx + x_off].store(false, Ordering::Release);
                    };
                }

@@ -171,12 +170,12 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
                0,
                self.size().width as u16 - 1,
                self.size().height as u16 - 1,
-                unsafe { &BUFFER },
+                &self.fb[..],
            )
            .await?;

        unsafe {
-            for tile in DIRTY_TILES.get_mut().iter() {
+            for tile in self.dirty_tiles.iter() {
                tile.store(false, Ordering::Release);
            }
        };
@@ -184,8 +183,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
        Ok(())
    }

-    /// Sends only dirty tiles (16x16px) in batches to the display
-    pub async fn partial_draw_batched<SPI, DC, RST, DELAY>(
+    pub async fn safe_draw<SPI, DC, RST, DELAY>(
        &mut self,
        display: &mut ST7365P<SPI, DC, RST, DELAY>,
    ) -> Result<(), ()>
@@ -195,7 +193,60 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
        RST: OutputPin,
        DELAY: DelayNs,
    {
-        if unsafe { DIRTY_TILES.get().iter().any(|p| p.load(Ordering::Acquire)) } {
+        let tiles_x = SCREEN_WIDTH / TILE_SIZE;
+        let _tiles_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT / TILE_SIZE;
+
+        let mut pixel_buffer: heapless::Vec<u16, { TILE_SIZE * TILE_SIZE }> = heapless::Vec::new();
+
+        for tile_idx in 0..TILE_COUNT {
+            if self.dirty_tiles[tile_idx].swap(false, Ordering::AcqRel) {
+                let tx = tile_idx % tiles_x;
+                let ty = tile_idx / tiles_x;
+
+                let x_start = tx * TILE_SIZE;
+                let y_start = ty * TILE_SIZE;
+
+                let x_end = (x_start + TILE_SIZE).min(SCREEN_WIDTH);
+                let y_end = (y_start + TILE_SIZE).min(SCREEN_HEIGHT);
+
+                pixel_buffer.clear();
+
+                for y in y_start..y_end {
+                    let start = y * SCREEN_WIDTH + x_start;
+                    let end = y * SCREEN_WIDTH + x_end;
+                    pixel_buffer
+                        .extend_from_slice(&self.fb[start..end])
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+
+                display
+                    .set_pixels_buffered(
+                        x_start as u16,
+                        y_start as u16,
+                        (x_end - 1) as u16,
+                        (y_end - 1) as u16,
+                        &pixel_buffer,
+                    )
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap();
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Sends only dirty tiles (16x16px) in batches to the display
+    pub async fn partial_draw<SPI, DC, RST, DELAY>(
+        &mut self,
+        display: &mut ST7365P<SPI, DC, RST, DELAY>,
+    ) -> Result<(), ()>
+    where
+        SPI: SpiDevice,
+        DC: OutputPin,
+        RST: OutputPin,
+        DELAY: DelayNs,
+    {
+        if unsafe { self.dirty_tiles.iter().any(|p| p.load(Ordering::Acquire)) } {
            let tiles_x = (SCREEN_WIDTH + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE;
            let tiles_y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE;

@@ -203,7 +254,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {

            // buffer for copying meta tiles before sending to display
            let mut pixel_buffer: heapless::Vec<u16, { MAX_META_TILES * TILE_SIZE * TILE_SIZE }> =
-                Vec::new();
+                heapless::Vec::new();

            for rect in meta_tiles {
                let rect_width = rect.size.width as usize;
@@ -220,7 +271,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {

                    // Safe: we guarantee buffer will not exceed MAX_META_TILE_PIXELS
                    pixel_buffer
-                        .extend_from_slice(unsafe { &BUFFER[start..end] })
+                        .extend_from_slice(&self.fb[start..end])
                        .unwrap();
                }

@@ -243,7 +294,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
                for ty in start_ty..=end_ty {
                    for tx in start_tx..=end_tx {
                        let tile_idx = ty * tiles_x + tx;
-                        unsafe { DIRTY_TILES.get_mut()[tile_idx].store(false, Ordering::Release) };
+                        self.dirty_tiles[tile_idx].store(false, Ordering::Release);
                    }
                }
            }
@@ -253,7 +304,7 @@ impl AtomicFrameBuffer {
    }
 }

-impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
+impl<'a> DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer<'a> {
    type Error = ();
    type Color = Rgb565;

@@ -262,6 +313,7 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
        I: IntoIterator<Item = Pixel<Self::Color>>,
    {
        let mut dirty_rect: Option<Rectangle> = None;
+        let mut changed = false;

        for Pixel(coord, color) in pixels {
            if coord.x >= 0 && coord.y >= 0 {
@@ -269,10 +321,12 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
                let y = coord.y as i32;

                if (x as usize) < SCREEN_WIDTH && (y as usize) < SCREEN_HEIGHT {
-                    unsafe {
-                        BUFFER[(y as usize) * SCREEN_WIDTH + (x as usize)] =
-                            RawU16::from(color).into_inner()
-                    };
+                    let idx = (y as usize) * SCREEN_WIDTH + (x as usize);
+                    let raw_color = RawU16::from(color).into_inner();
+                    if self.fb[idx] != raw_color {
+                        self.fb[idx] = raw_color;
+                        changed = true;
+                    }

                    if let Some(ref mut rect) = dirty_rect {
                        rect.top_left.x = rect.top_left.x.min(x);
@@ -288,9 +342,11 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
            }
        }

+        if changed {
            if let Some(rect) = dirty_rect {
                self.mark_tiles_dirty(rect);
            }
+        }

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -307,6 +363,7 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
            let area_width = area.size.width;
            let area_height = area.size.height;
            let mut colors = colors.into_iter();
+            let mut changed = false;

            for y in 0..area_height {
                for x in 0..area_width {
@@ -314,11 +371,12 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {

                    if drawable_area.contains(p) {
                        if let Some(color) = colors.next() {
-                            self.set_pixel(
-                                p.x as u16,
-                                p.y as u16,
-                                RawU16::from(color).into_inner(),
-                            )?;
+                            let idx = (p.y as usize * SCREEN_WIDTH) + (p.x as usize);
+                            let raw_color = RawU16::from(color).into_inner();
+                            if self.fb[idx] != raw_color {
+                                self.fb[idx] = raw_color;
+                                changed = true;
+                            }
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
@@ -329,8 +387,10 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
                }
            }

+            if changed {
                self.mark_tiles_dirty(*area);
            }
+        }

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -343,7 +403,7 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
    }

    fn clear(&mut self, color: Self::Color) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        self.set_pixels_buffered(
+        self.set_pixels(
            0,
            0,
            self.size().width as u16 - 1,
@@ -352,7 +412,7 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
                .take((self.size().width * self.size().height) as usize),
        )?;

-        for tile in unsafe { DIRTY_TILES.get_mut() }.iter() {
+        for tile in self.dirty_tiles.iter() {
            tile.store(true, Ordering::Release);
        }

@@ -360,7 +420,7 @@ impl DrawTarget for AtomicFrameBuffer {
    }
 }

-impl OriginDimensions for AtomicFrameBuffer {
+impl<'a> OriginDimensions for AtomicFrameBuffer<'a> {
    fn size(&self) -> Size {
        Size::new(SCREEN_WIDTH as u32, SCREEN_HEIGHT as u32)
    }
--- a/kernel/src/heap.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/heap.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,10 @@
 // https://github.com/wezterm/picocalc-wezterm/blob/main/src/heap.rs

 use core::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout};
-use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use embedded_alloc::LlffHeap as Heap;

-#[global_allocator]
-pub static HEAP: DualHeap = DualHeap::empty();
-const HEAP_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
-static mut HEAP_MEM: [MaybeUninit<u8>; HEAP_SIZE] = [MaybeUninit::uninit(); HEAP_SIZE];
+pub static mut HEAP: PsramHeap = PsramHeap::empty();

 struct Region {
    start: AtomicUsize,
@@ -38,95 +34,62 @@ impl Region {
    }
 }

-/// This is an allocator that combines two regions of memory.
-/// The intent is to use some of the directly connected RAM
-/// for this, and if we find some XIP capable PSRAM, add that
-/// as a secondary region.
-/// Allocation from the primary region is always preferred,
-/// as it is expected to be a bit faster than PSRAM.
 /// FIXME: PSRAM-allocated memory isn't compatible with
 /// CAS atomics, so we might need a bit of a think about this!
-pub struct DualHeap {
-    primary: Heap,
-    primary_region: Region,
-    secondary: Heap,
+pub struct PsramHeap {
+    heap: Heap,
+    region: Region,
 }

-impl DualHeap {
+impl PsramHeap {
    pub const fn empty() -> Self {
        Self {
-            primary: Heap::empty(),
-            primary_region: Region::default(),
-            secondary: Heap::empty(),
+            heap: Heap::empty(),
+            region: Region::default(),
        }
    }

-    unsafe fn add_primary(&self, region: Region) {
+    unsafe fn add_psram(&self, region: Region) {
        let start = region.start.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
        let size = region.size.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
        unsafe {
-            self.primary.init(start, size);
-        }
-        self.primary_region.start.store(start, Ordering::SeqCst);
-        self.primary_region.size.store(size, Ordering::SeqCst);
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn add_secondary(&self, region: Region) {
-        let start = region.start.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-        let size = region.size.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-        unsafe {
-            self.secondary.init(start, size);
+            self.heap.init(start, size);
        }
+        self.region.start.store(start, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.region.size.store(size, Ordering::SeqCst);
    }

    pub fn used(&self) -> usize {
-        self.primary.used() + self.secondary.used()
+        self.heap.used()
    }

    pub fn free(&self) -> usize {
-        self.primary.free() + self.secondary.free()
+        self.heap.free()
    }
 }

-unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for DualHeap {
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for PsramHeap {
    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
        unsafe {
-            let ptr = self.primary.alloc(layout);
+            let ptr = self.heap.alloc(layout);
            if !ptr.is_null() {
                return ptr;
+            } else {
+                panic!("HEAP FULL");
            }
-            // start using secondary area when primary heap is full
-            self.secondary.alloc(layout)
        }
    }

    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
        unsafe {
            let ptr_usize = ptr as usize;
-            if self.primary_region.contains(ptr_usize) {
-                self.primary.dealloc(ptr, layout);
-            } else {
-                self.secondary.dealloc(ptr, layout);
+            if self.region.contains(ptr_usize) {
+                self.heap.dealloc(ptr, layout);
            }
        }
    }
 }

-pub fn init_heap() {
-    let primary_start = &raw mut HEAP_MEM as usize;
-    unsafe { HEAP.add_primary(Region::new(primary_start, HEAP_SIZE)) }
-}
-
 pub fn init_qmi_psram_heap(size: u32) {
-    unsafe { HEAP.add_secondary(Region::new(0x11000000, size as usize)) }
-}
-
-pub async fn free_command(_args: &[&str]) {
-    let ram_used = HEAP.primary.used();
-    let ram_free = HEAP.primary.free();
-    let ram_total = ram_used + ram_free;
-
-    let qmi_used = HEAP.secondary.used();
-    let qmi_free = HEAP.secondary.free();
-    let qmi_total = qmi_used + qmi_free;
+    unsafe { HEAP.add_psram(Region::new(0x11000000, size as usize)) }
 }
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]
 #![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]
 #![allow(static_mut_refs)]
+#![feature(allocator_api)]
+#![feature(slice_ptr_get)]

 extern crate alloc;

@@ -10,7 +12,6 @@ mod abi;
 mod display;
 mod elf;
 mod framebuffer;
-#[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
 mod heap;
 mod peripherals;
 mod psram;
@@ -37,13 +38,6 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use abi_sys::EntryFn;
 use bumpalo::Bump;
-use embedded_graphics::{
-    pixelcolor::Rgb565,
-    prelude::{DrawTarget, RgbColor},
-};
-
-use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};
-
 use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use embassy_executor::{Executor, Spawner};
 use embassy_futures::{join::join, select::select};
@@ -55,20 +49,26 @@ use embassy_rp::{
    peripherals::{
        DMA_CH0, DMA_CH1, DMA_CH3, DMA_CH4, I2C1, PIN_2, PIN_3, PIN_6, PIN_7, PIN_10, PIN_11,
        PIN_12, PIN_13, PIN_14, PIN_15, PIN_16, PIN_17, PIN_18, PIN_19, PIN_20, PIN_21, PIN_22,
-        PIO0, SPI0, SPI1, USB,
+        PIO0, SPI0, SPI1, USB, WATCHDOG,
    },
    pio,
    spi::{self, Spi},
    usb as embassy_rp_usb,
+    watchdog::{ResetReason, Watchdog},
 };
 use embassy_sync::{
    blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex, channel::Channel, signal::Signal,
 };
-use embassy_time::{Delay, Instant, Timer};
+use embassy_time::{Delay, Duration, Instant, Ticker, Timer};
+use embedded_graphics::{
+    pixelcolor::Rgb565,
+    prelude::{DrawTarget, RgbColor},
+};
 use embedded_hal_bus::spi::ExclusiveDevice;
 use embedded_sdmmc::SdCard as SdmmcSdCard;
 use static_cell::StaticCell;
 use talc::*;
+use {defmt_rtt as _, panic_probe as _};

 embassy_rp::bind_interrupts!(struct Irqs {
    I2C1_IRQ => i2c::InterruptHandler<I2C1>;
@@ -80,15 +80,32 @@ static mut CORE1_STACK: Stack<16384> = Stack::new();
 static EXECUTOR0: StaticCell<Executor> = StaticCell::new();
 static EXECUTOR1: StaticCell<Executor> = StaticCell::new();

-#[cfg(not(feature = "pimoroni2w"))]
-static mut ARENA: [u8; 200 * 1024] = [0; 200 * 1024];
+static mut ARENA: [u8; 250 * 1024] = [0; 250 * 1024];

-#[cfg(not(feature = "pimoroni2w"))]
 #[global_allocator]
 static ALLOCATOR: Talck<spin::Mutex<()>, ClaimOnOom> =
    Talc::new(unsafe { ClaimOnOom::new(Span::from_array(core::ptr::addr_of!(ARENA).cast_mut())) })
        .lock();

+#[embassy_executor::task]
+async fn watchdog_task(mut watchdog: Watchdog) {
+    if let Some(reason) = watchdog.reset_reason() {
+        let reason = match reason {
+            ResetReason::Forced => "forced",
+            ResetReason::TimedOut => "timed out",
+        };
+        defmt::error!("Watchdog reset reason: {}", reason);
+    }
+
+    watchdog.start(Duration::from_secs(3));
+
+    let mut ticker = Ticker::every(Duration::from_secs(2));
+    loop {
+        watchdog.feed();
+        ticker.next().await;
+    }
+}
+
 static ENABLE_UI: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(true);
 static UI_CHANGE: Signal<CriticalSectionRawMutex, ()> = Signal::new();

@@ -141,7 +158,9 @@ async fn main(_spawner: Spawner) {
    let executor0 = EXECUTOR0.init(Executor::new());
    executor0.run(|spawner| {
        spawner
-            .spawn(kernel_task(spawner, display, sd, psram, mcu, p.USB))
+            .spawn(kernel_task(
+                spawner, p.WATCHDOG, display, sd, psram, mcu, p.USB,
+            ))
            .unwrap()
    });
 }
@@ -241,6 +260,8 @@ async fn setup_display(display: Display, spawner: Spawner) {
    spawner.spawn(display_handler(display)).unwrap();
 }

+// psram is kind of useless on the pico calc
+// ive opted to use the pimoroni with on onboard xip psram instead
 async fn setup_psram(psram: Psram) {
    let psram = init_psram(
        psram.pio, psram.sclk, psram.mosi, psram.miso, psram.cs, psram.dma1, psram.dma2,
@@ -254,14 +275,24 @@ async fn setup_psram(psram: Psram) {
        #[cfg(feature = "defmt")]
        defmt::info!("\u{1b}[1mExternal PSRAM was NOT found!\u{1b}[0m");
    }
+}

-    #[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
-    {
+#[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
+async fn setup_qmi_psram() {
+    let mut tries = 5;
+    Timer::after_millis(250).await;
+    while tries > 1 {
        let psram_qmi_size = init_psram_qmi(&embassy_rp::pac::QMI, &embassy_rp::pac::XIP_CTRL);
+        defmt::info!("size:  {}", psram_qmi_size);
+        Timer::after_millis(100).await;
        if psram_qmi_size > 0 {
            init_qmi_psram_heap(psram_qmi_size);
+            return;
        }
+        defmt::info!("failed to init qmi psram... trying again");
+        tries -= 1;
    }
+    panic!("qmi psram not initialized");
 }

 async fn setup_sd(sd: Sd) {
@@ -282,16 +313,23 @@ async fn setup_sd(sd: Sd) {
 #[embassy_executor::task]
 async fn kernel_task(
    spawner: Spawner,
+    watchdog: Peri<'static, WATCHDOG>,
    display: Display,
    sd: Sd,
    psram: Psram,
    mcu: Mcu,
    usb: Peri<'static, USB>,
 ) {
+    spawner
+        .spawn(watchdog_task(Watchdog::new(watchdog)))
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // setup_psram(psram).await;
+    #[cfg(feature = "pimoroni2w")]
+    setup_qmi_psram().await;
+
    setup_mcu(mcu).await;
-    Timer::after_millis(250).await;
    setup_display(display, spawner).await;
-    setup_psram(psram).await;
    setup_sd(sd).await;

    let _usb = embassy_rp_usb::Driver::new(usb, Irqs);
--- a/kernel/src/psram.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/psram.rs
@@ -526,16 +526,10 @@ pub fn init_psram_qmi(
    let psram_size = detect_psram_qmi(qmi);

    if psram_size == 0 {
+        defmt::error!("qmi psram size 0");
        return 0;
    }

-    // Set PSRAM timing for APS6404
-    //
-    // Using an rxdelay equal to the divisor isn't enough when running the APS6404 close to 133MHz.
-    // So: don't allow running at divisor 1 above 100MHz (because delay of 2 would be too late),
-    // and add an extra 1 to the rxdelay if the divided clock is > 100MHz (i.e. sys clock > 200MHz).
-    const MAX_PSRAM_FREQ: u32 = 133_000_000;
-
    let clock_hz = clk_peri_freq();

    let mut divisor: u32 = (clock_hz + MAX_PSRAM_FREQ - 1) / MAX_PSRAM_FREQ;
--- a/kernel/src/ui.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/ui.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use crate::{
    BINARY_CH,
-    display::{FB_PAUSED, FRAMEBUFFER},
+    display::{FRAMEBUFFER, FRAMEBUFFER2, WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2},
    elf::load_binary,
    peripherals::keyboard,
    storage::FileName,
 };
 use abi_sys::keyboard::{KeyCode, KeyState};
 use alloc::{str::FromStr, string::String, vec::Vec};
-use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use core::{ops::DerefMut, sync::atomic::Ordering};
 use embassy_sync::{blocking_mutex::raw::CriticalSectionRawMutex, mutex::Mutex};
 use embedded_graphics::{
    Drawable,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub async fn clear_selection() {
    if let Some(area) = sel.last_bounds {
        Rectangle::new(area.top_left, area.size)
            .into_styled(PrimitiveStyle::with_fill(Rgb565::BLACK))
-            .draw(unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER })
+            .draw(unsafe { &mut *FRAMEBUFFER })
            .unwrap();
    }
 }
@@ -86,7 +86,15 @@ async fn draw_selection() {
    const NO_BINS: &str = "No Programs found on SD Card. Ensure programs end with '.bin', and are located in the root directory";
    let no_bins = String::from_str(NO_BINS).unwrap();

-    FB_PAUSED.store(true, Ordering::Release); // ensure all elements show up at once
+    let mut fb = if cfg!(feature = "pimoroni2w") {
+        if WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+            unsafe { FRAMEBUFFER2.deref_mut() }
+        } else {
+            unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+        }
+    } else {
+        unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }
+    };

    if file_names.is_empty() {
        TextBox::new(
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@ async fn draw_selection() {
            ),
            text_style,
        )
-        .draw(unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER })
+        .draw(fb.deref_mut())
        .unwrap();
    } else {
        let mut views: alloc::vec::Vec<Text<MonoTextStyle<Rgb565>>> = Vec::new();
@@ -122,16 +130,17 @@ async fn draw_selection() {
            .bounding_box();
        Rectangle::new(selected_bounds.top_left, selected_bounds.size)
            .into_styled(PrimitiveStyle::with_stroke(Rgb565::WHITE, 1))
-            .draw(unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER })
+            .draw(fb.deref_mut())
            .unwrap();

        guard.last_bounds = Some(layout.bounds());

-        layout.draw(unsafe { &mut FRAMEBUFFER }).unwrap();
+        layout.draw(fb.deref_mut()).unwrap();
    }

    guard.changed = false;
-    FB_PAUSED.store(false, Ordering::Release); // ensure all elements show up at once
+
+    WRITE_FRAMEBUFFER2.fetch_not(Ordering::AcqRel);
 }

 #[derive(Clone)]
--- a/user-apps/calculator/src/main.rs
+++ b/user-apps/calculator/src/main.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 extern crate alloc;
 use abi::{
-    display::{Display, lock_display},
+    display::Display,
    get_key,
    keyboard::{KeyCode, KeyState},
    print,
@@ -28,11 +28,7 @@ use embedded_layout::{

 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    print(&format!(
-        "user panic: {} @ {:?}",
-        info.message(),
-        info.location(),
-    ));
+    print!("user panic: {} @ {:?}", info.message(), info.location(),);
    loop {}
 }

@@ -42,7 +38,7 @@ pub extern "Rust" fn _start() {
 }

 pub fn main() {
-    print("Starting Calculator app");
+    print!("Starting Calculator app");
    let mut display = Display;

    let mut input = vec!['e', 'x', 'p', 'r', ':', ' '];
@@ -62,8 +58,6 @@ pub fn main() {

    loop {
        if dirty {
-            lock_display(true);
-
            let style = PrimitiveStyle::with_fill(Rgb565::BLACK);
            if let Some(area) = last_area {
                Rectangle::new(area.0.top_left, area.0.size)
@@ -107,7 +101,6 @@ pub fn main() {
            eq_layout.draw(&mut display).unwrap();

            dirty = false;
-            lock_display(false);
        }

        let event = get_key();
--- a/user-apps/gallery/src/main.rs
+++ b/user-apps/gallery/src/main.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@

 extern crate alloc;
 use abi::{
-    display::{Display, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH, lock_display},
+    display::{Display, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH},
    fs::{list_dir, read_file},
    get_key,
    keyboard::{KeyCode, KeyState},
    print,
 };
-use alloc::{format, string::ToString};
+use alloc::{format, string::ToString, vec};
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 use embedded_graphics::{
    Drawable, image::Image, mono_font::MonoTextStyle, mono_font::ascii::FONT_6X10,
@@ -20,11 +20,7 @@ use tinybmp::Bmp;

 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    print(&format!(
-        "user panic: {} @ {:?}",
-        info.message(),
-        info.location(),
-    ));
+    print!("user panic: {} @ {:?}", info.message(), info.location());
    loop {}
 }

@@ -34,8 +30,8 @@ pub extern "Rust" fn _start() {
 }

 pub fn main() {
-    print("Starting Gallery app");
-    static mut BMP_BUF: [u8; 100_000] = [0_u8; 100_000];
+    print!("Starting Gallery app");
+    let mut bmp_buf = vec![0_u8; 100_000];
    let mut display = Display;

    // Grid parameters
@@ -55,13 +51,13 @@ pub fn main() {
        }

        if let Some(f) = file {
-            print(&format!("file: {}", f.name));
+            print!("file: {}", f.name);
            if f.name.extension() == b"bmp" || f.name.extension() == b"BMP" {
                let file = format!("/images/{}", f.name);

-                let read = read_file(&file, 0, &mut unsafe { &mut BMP_BUF[..] });
+                let read = read_file(&file, 0, &mut &mut bmp_buf[..]);
                if read > 0 {
-                    let bmp = Bmp::from_slice(unsafe { &BMP_BUF }).expect("failed to parse bmp");
+                    let bmp = Bmp::from_slice(&bmp_buf).expect("failed to parse bmp");

                    let row = images_drawn / grid_cols;
                    let col = images_drawn % grid_cols;
@@ -74,7 +70,6 @@ pub fn main() {
                    let x = cell_x + (cell_width - bmp_w) / 2;
                    let y = cell_y + 5; // 5px top margin

-                    lock_display(true);
                    Image::new(&bmp, Point::new(x, y))
                        .draw(&mut display)
                        .unwrap();
@@ -89,8 +84,6 @@ pub fn main() {
                    .draw(&mut display)
                    .unwrap();

-                    lock_display(false);
-
                    images_drawn += 1;
                }
            }
--- a/user-apps/gif/Cargo.toml
+++ b/user-apps/gif/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "gif"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+abi = { path = "../../abi" }
+embedded-graphics = "0.8.1"
+tinygif = "0.0.4"
--- a/user-apps/gif/build.rs
+++ b/user-apps/gif/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//! This build script copies the `memory.x` file from the crate root into
+//! a directory where the linker can always find it at build time.
+//! For many projects this is optional, as the linker always searches the
+//! project root directory -- wherever `Cargo.toml` is. However, if you
+//! are using a workspace or have a more complicated build setup, this
+//! build script becomes required. Additionally, by requesting that
+//! Cargo re-run the build script whenever `memory.x` is changed,
+//! updating `memory.x` ensures a rebuild of the application with the
+//! new memory settings.
+
+use std::env;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+fn main() {
+    // Put `memory.x` in our output directory and ensure it's
+    // on the linker search path.
+    let out = &PathBuf::from(env::var_os("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+    File::create(out.join("memory.x"))
+        .unwrap()
+        .write_all(include_bytes!("../memory.x"))
+        .unwrap();
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-search={}", out.display());
+
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=memory.x");
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg-bins=-Tmemory.x");
+}
--- a/user-apps/gif/src/main.rs
+++ b/user-apps/gif/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![no_main]
+
+extern crate alloc;
+use abi::{
+    display::Display,
+    fs::{file_len, read_file},
+    get_key, get_ms,
+    keyboard::{KeyCode, KeyState},
+    print, sleep,
+};
+use alloc::vec;
+use core::panic::PanicInfo;
+use embedded_graphics::{image::ImageDrawable, pixelcolor::Rgb565};
+use tinygif::Gif;
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    print!("user panic: {} @ {:?}", info.message(), info.location(),);
+    loop {}
+}
+
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub extern "Rust" fn _start() {
+    main()
+}
+
+pub fn main() {
+    print!("Starting Gif app");
+    let mut display = Display;
+
+    let size = file_len("/gifs/bad_apple.gif");
+    let mut buf = vec![0_u8; size];
+    let read = read_file("/gifs/bad_apple.gif", 0, &mut buf);
+    print!("read: {}, file size: {}", read, size);
+    assert!(read == size);
+
+    let gif = Gif::<Rgb565>::from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
+
+    let mut frame_num = 0;
+    loop {
+        for frame in gif.frames() {
+            let start = get_ms();
+
+            frame.draw(&mut display).unwrap();
+            frame_num += 1;
+
+            if frame_num % 100 == 0 {
+                let event = get_key();
+                if event.state != KeyState::Idle {
+                    match event.key {
+                        KeyCode::Esc => return,
+                        _ => (),
+                    };
+                };
+            }
+            sleep(((frame.delay_centis as u64) * 10).saturating_sub(start));
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/user-apps/memory.x
+++ b/user-apps/memory.x
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MEMORY
 {
-  RAM : ORIGIN = 0x0, LENGTH = 150K
+  RAM : ORIGIN = 0x0, LENGTH = 250K
 }

 SECTIONS
--- a/user-apps/snake/Cargo.toml
+++ b/user-apps/snake/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ edition = "2024"
 [dependencies]
 abi = { path = "../../abi" }
 embedded-graphics = "0.8.1"
-embedded-snake = { path = "../../../embedded-snake-rs" }
+embedded-snake = { git = "https://github.com/LegitCamper/embedded-snake-rs" }
 rand = { version = "0.9.0", default-features = false }
--- a/user-apps/snake/src/main.rs
+++ b/user-apps/snake/src/main.rs
@@ -4,23 +4,18 @@
 extern crate alloc;
 use abi::{
    Rng,
-    display::{Display, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH, lock_display},
+    display::{Display, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH},
    get_key,
    keyboard::{KeyCode, KeyState},
    print, sleep,
 };
-use alloc::format;
 use core::panic::PanicInfo;
 use embedded_graphics::{pixelcolor::Rgb565, prelude::RgbColor};
 use embedded_snake::{Direction, SnakeGame};

 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(info: &PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    print(&format!(
-        "user panic: {} @ {:?}",
-        info.message(),
-        info.location(),
-    ));
+    print!("user panic: {} @ {:?}", info.message(), info.location(),);
    loop {}
 }

@@ -32,7 +27,7 @@ pub extern "Rust" fn _start() {
 const CELL_SIZE: usize = 8;

 pub fn main() {
-    print("Starting Snake app");
+    print!("Starting Snake app");
    let mut display = Display;

    let mut game = SnakeGame::<100, Rgb565, Rng>::new(
@@ -62,10 +57,8 @@ pub fn main() {
        };

        // ensure all draws show up at once
-        lock_display(true);
        game.pre_draw(&mut display);
        game.draw(&mut display);
-        lock_display(false);

        sleep(15);
    }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
sawyer bristol	d7fb4b4058	fuck	2025-10-28 17:08:50 -06:00
sawyer bristol	1182560582	remvove lock_display	2025-10-28 12:36:15 -06:00
sawyer bristol	a7daa4c5fc	get fps better	2025-10-28 12:20:02 -06:00
sawyer bristol	bbc9613f62	cleanup	2025-10-28 09:50:15 -06:00
sawyer bristol	10c9457953	double framebuffer	2025-10-27 19:46:09 -06:00
sawyer bristol	4c58f66c94	gif plays at low fps	2025-10-27 18:53:22 -06:00
sawyer bristol	999b22a96f	only mark framebuffer tile as dirty if pixel changes	2025-10-27 12:30:23 -06:00
sawyer bristol	f6d5fb98ab	alloc user to access kernel backed heap (psram, if equiped)	2025-10-27 12:25:57 -06:00
sawyer bristol	b872e6be7c	Merge branch 'psram-alloc' into gif	2025-10-27 09:15:40 -06:00
sawyer bristol	7662e485c0	gif need psram	2025-10-19 15:25:01 -06:00